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DNS

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Domain Name System (DNS) is the internet's equivalent to a phone book, translating human-readable domain names to IP addresses used by devices for communication. When a user enters a web address in a browser, a DNS query is sent to the DNS server to resolve the domain name into an IP address. The DNS server responds with the corresponding IP address, enabling the browser to establish a connection and load the website. DNS plays a vital role in simplifying the browsing experience by relieving users from memorizing numerical IP addresses. Also, websites can change their IP addresses without affecting the domain name, allowing uninterrupted access to the content.

Guide on DNS for CompTIA A+ Exam

Importance of DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is crucial for internet functionality. It acts as the internet's phonebook, converting human-friendly website names into machine-friendly IP addresses. Without DNS, you'd have to remember the exact IP address of each site you wish to visit.

What is DNS?
DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a hierarchical naming system developed for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. Essentially, it translates a domain name that is easy for humans to understand into an IP address that a computer can understand.

How DNS works
When you type a web address (like 'www.google.com'), your Internet Service Provider views the DNS associated with the domain name, translates it into a machine-friendly IP address (like 192.168.1.1), and directs your internet connection to the correct website.

Exam Tips: Answering Questions on DNS

  1. Understand the basic function: Remember, DNS translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.
  2. Know the process: Understanding how DNS queries are carried out is important. It’s not enough just to know what DNS is; you must know how it works.
  3. Understand DNS records: Various DNS records, like A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, PTR, NS, SOA, SRV, TXT, are a common topic in question scenarios. Know what they are and what they are used for.
  4. Know differences between forward and reverse DNS lookups: This is a commonly tested area.

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CompTIA A+ - Network Protocols Example Questions

Test your knowledge of Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

Question 1

A company wants to protect its web applications hosted on AWS from DDoS attacks. A Solutions Architect needs to integrate the DNS with AWS Shield. Which AWS service should be used for DNS management?

Correct Answer: Amazon Route 53

Amazon Route 53 is a scalable and highly available DNS service that can be integrated with AWS Shield for DDoS protection. The other services listed do not offer DNS management capabilities.

Question 2

A company has recently migrated its web application to AWS. Users are experiencing slow page load times. The Solutions Architect wants to improve latency by deploying Amazon Route 53 to globally distribute user traffic. Which routing policy should be used?

Correct Answer: Latency-based routing

Latency-based routing is designed to direct traffic to the lowest-latency AWS resources, which addresses the slow page load times for users. The other routing policies do not specifically target latency improvements.

Question 3

A user cannot access an internal application at internal.example.com from their local machine. What should be done to diagnose and solve this issue?

Correct Answer: Verify local DNS settings and troubleshoot internal DNS server configuration

When a user cannot access an internal application, the first step is to verify the local DNS settings on the user's machine. If the local DNS settings are correct, the next step is to troubleshoot the internal DNS server configuration. The DNS server may not be resolving the internal.example.com domain correctly. Restarting Amazon Route 53 services, modifying geolocation routing policy, or creating a new hosted zone in Route 53 are not relevant for troubleshooting access to an internal application, as these steps are related to external DNS resolution managed by Amazon's DNS service.

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