Vulnerability Management

Correct Answer: Full scan

A 'Full scan' is the correct answer as it will comprehensively review the entire network to uncover all possible vulnerabilities. This involves all systems and services, internal and external, and is especially crucial after a security breach to ensure no additional risks are present. 'Basic scan', 'Surface scan', and 'Only internal scan' may not provide the in-depth view required to assess all system vulnerabilities. A basic scan might miss less obvious threats. A surface scan, focusing on the most exposed parts of a network, might miss internal vulnerabilities or hidden threats. An internal scan alone might miss threat vectors that come from exterior sources or are only exposed in certain situations.

Correct Answer: Intrusion detection system (IDS)

The best tool to analyze network traffic and detect potential vulnerabilities in a system is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS). It is specially designed to monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and issues alerts when such activity is discovered. On the other hand, Firewalls, Proxy servers, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) are not primarily designed for auditing network traffic for abnormal behavior but rather they are more focused on permitting or blocking network protocols and services, masking IP addresses, and creating safe and encrypted connections over internet respectively.

Correct Answer: Update the software to the latest patched version

The best first step to mitigate the risk of outdated software with known security vulnerabilities is to update the software to the latest patched version. This is because software updates often include patches that resolve known security vulnerabilities, thus minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or exploitation of the software. Uninstalling the software might not be the best first step as it could be crucial for certain operations. Disabling network access might lead to loss of functionality and doesn't resolve the underlying issue of the software being outdated. Implementing a firewall is a good practice in network security but it might not effectively protect against vulnerabilities inherent in outdated software.