Understanding Network Performance Metrics

Correct Answer: Bandwidth consumption

The most likely cause of video conference calls constantly buffering and lagging is 'Bandwidth consumption'. When the bandwidth used exceeds the available bandwidth, it can lead to lagging and buffering of video calls. This is due to the fact that the network cannot transmit the data as quickly as it is being used. In such cases, increasing the bandwidth or managing it better can help improve the issue. Jitter refers to the variations in latency and while it might impact the quality, it is not the primary cause. Latency, which is the delay in the network, can cause lagging but not necessarily buffering. Packet loss, which refers to data being lost during transmission, might impact the quality of the call but does not result in buffering or lagging.

Correct Answer: Latency

The correct answer is Latency. Latency measures the time it takes for a packet to travel from source to destination. This directly impacts how quickly a web page loads, hence it should be prioritized when improving website performance. Jitter, on the other hand, refers to the variability in packet delay at the receiver, which does not significantly affect web page loading speed. Packet loss refers to the number of packets that never reach their destination, which might be a concern but it is usually not directly tied to the speed of loading a web page, it would rather result in missing information or failures in loading the website. Lastly, utilization pertains to the percentage of the network capacity being used, which can indeed impact the performance but is normally associated with bandwidth capacity rather than the speed at which a single web page loads.

Correct Answer: Packet loss

The best metric to monitor when throughput has decreased significantly is Packet loss. Throughput in a network refers to the amount of data moved successfully from one place to another in a given time period, and it's considered as one of the critical parameters for network performance. Packet loss occurs when one or more packets of data travelling across a computer network fail to reach their destination, causing significant decrease in throughput. By monitoring packet loss, it helps to identify the nature and source of the problem, and it is a starting point to apply the necessary corrective measures. The other answer options are not entirely wrong but not the best metrics to monitor in this scenario. Latency refers to the delay in the data communication over the network, which also can affect the throughput but not as much as packet loss. Jitter is the variation in the delay of received packets which might be a result of network congestion, route changes or other network instabilities, but not directly related to throughput reduction. Lastly, the Propagation Delay is the amount of time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to receiver, which might impact the real-time interaction but doesn't directly decrease the throughput.