Transport Layer Security (TLS) / Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Correct Answer: 443

The correct port to open on the firewall for secure HTTPS traffic, which uses TLS, is port 443. This is a standard protocol for secure internet communication exchanges. The other ports serve different purposes, hence they are incorrect. For instance, port 53 is used for DNS services, port 80 for unsecured HTTP traffic and port 110 for POP3 email protocol. All these are not related to secure HTTPS traffic.

Correct Answer: HTTPS

HTTPS should be implemented to achieve the goal of securely transmitting sensitive data over the internet because it employs SSL/TLS protocol to provide a secure connection, which ensures that the data transmitted between the user and the server is encrypted and cannot be intercepted by malicious entities. On the other hand, FTP, Telnet, and SMB do not offer the same level of security for data transmission over the internet. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transfers files from one host to another but does not encrypt the data, leaving it vulnerable to interception. Telnet, a protocol used for remote access to servers, operates similarly without encryption, making data susceptible to interception. Lastly, SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol mainly used for providing shared access to files, printers, and serial ports within a network, but not suitable for secure internet data transmission.

Correct Answer: SMTPS

SMTPS is the protocol best suited to provide encrypted email transfers. This is because SMTPS, which stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure, is an extension of SMTP protocol and serves to send and receive emails securely through TLS encryption. On the other hand, SMTP, IMAP and POP3 are also protocols used for email transfers but they don't provide the same level of secure and encrypted transfers that SMTPS does.