Tree Topology

Correct Answer: Upgrade central backbone with higher capacity

Upgrading the central backbone with higher capacity is the most suitable solution for improving performance during peak hours in a tree topology network. This is because in a tree topology, all nodes are connected through a central backbone or hub, which can become a bottleneck if its capacity is exceeded, leading to decreased performance. The option to implement a mesh topology for the entire network might be less favorable as it could entail a complete overhaul of the network, cause complexity and high costs. Deploying additional wireless access points might not solve the problem if the actual issue is with the backbone capacity of the network, and not the end-point access. Lastly, doubling the number of routers in the network might not directly address the issue if the problem lies in the capacity of the central hub or backbone, and could also introduce additional complexity and costs.

Correct Answer: A damaged backbone cable

In the given scenario, a small school implemented a tree topology that combines both bus (where all computers are attached to a single backbone cable) and star topologies (where every node is connected to a hub or switch). When a connectivity issue between two labs occurs, the most probable cause could be 'a damaged backbone cable' because in a tree topology, this sociotechnical infrastructure is critical for interconnecting all devices across different branches of the network. A failing Ethernet switch or a malfunctioning wireless access point could potentially lead to connectivity issues, but it would generally affect only a segment of the network (specifically the one connected to the failing equipment), not between two labs which are likely implemented across two branches. Lastly, a broken copper wire in one of the labs would ordinarily affect only that lab's connectivity.

Correct Answer: Scalability and flexibility

The main advantage of tree topology that could convince the management is its scalability and flexibility. The tree topology is essentially a combination of star and bus topologies, which allows the network to be expanded easily. Each new node can be added to the existing secondary hub of the tree, and if the number of nodes surpasses the capacity of a hub, a tertiary hub can also be created. This is why 'Scalability and flexibility' is the correct answer. 'Minimal cable usage' is not the advantage of tree topology. In fact, it might require more cables compared to a bus topology or ring topology since each node or network is directly connected to a central hub. 'Decreased complexity and maintenance' is also not correct as tree topology may be more complex and require more maintenance due to the hierarchical nature and the number of connections to manage especially when the network size increases. 'Reduced power consumption' is not a specific advantage of tree topology. Power consumption primarily relies more on equipment used, not the network topology. Therefore, It's not a compelling point for tree topology over others.