Scrum vs Lean Startup Wastes

Correct Answer: Lean Startup

The Lean Startup methodology is the correct choice because it is focused on learning and quickly adjusting based on that learning to reduce waste. It specifically advocates for building a minimum viable product, measuring how it performs in the real world, and learning from that to make rapid adjustments. This cycle of Build-Measure-Learn helps organizations minimize the misalignment between product offerings and user needs by incorporating systematic learning and rapid experimentation, thus reducing the waste associated with rework. Conversely, Scrum focuses on iterative development and continuous feedback but doesn't prescribe experimentation and learning cycles as the primary mechanism for dealing with misalignment and waste. Kanban emphasizes efficiency and flow within an existing process, which may indirectly help but doesn't specifically target misalignment through rapid learning cycles. Extreme Programming (XP) enhances software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements through practices like pair programming and test-driven development, but it doesn’t center on learnings from rapid cycle experiments to directly address waste from misalignment.

Correct Answer: Scrum

Scrum is the correct answer because this methodology limits the amount of work in progress to improve efficiency and reduce waste. It does so by dividing large projects into smaller, manageable 'sprints'. Throughout these sprints, teams are only focused on a certain subset of tasks, effectively limiting the work in progress. Plus, regular reviews and retrospectives in Scrum facilitate continuous improvement and waste reduction. On the contrary, Lean Startup is a methodology more suited to building new products or services under conditions of extreme uncertainty, not necessarily focusing on limiting work in progress. Waterfall is a sequential model that doesn't limit work in progress. Rather, it completes one phase fully before moving to the next, which can create a lag in delivery timesAnd PRINCE2 is a rigorous project management methodology that focuses on detailed formal roles and responsibilities within a project organization. It also does not inherently focus on limiting work in progress to reduce waste. Hence these options are incorrect.

Correct Answer: Lean Startup, which encourages continuous integration and automated testing to catch defects early

The Lean methodology, which includes concepts like Lean Startup, emphasizes the importance of building quality into the product from the start. This is done through practices like continuous integration and automated testing, which help catch defects early in the development process. By identifying and fixing issues as soon as possible, teams can minimize rework and delays caused by a high defect rate. In contrast, the other methodologies mentioned either defer quality assurance to later stages (Waterfall), rely on dedicated hardening sprints (Scrum), or accumulate defects for periodic bulk fixing (Kanban), which can lead to more significant rework and delays compared to the Lean approach of building quality in from the beginning.