Test-Driven Development

Correct Answer: Reduces the number of defects in the code

The primary benefit of Test-Driven Development is that it reduces the number of defects in the code. By writing tests first and continually testing the code, developers catch and fix issues before they become catastrophic, ensuring a more reliable and robust codebase.

Correct Answer: To improve code quality and maintainability

Refactoring in the context of Test-Driven Development is important to improve code quality and maintainability. By regularly revisiting and improving the code, developers ensure that the codebase stays clean, efficient, and easy to understand.

Correct Answer: Educate them about the importance and sequence of steps in TDD, emphasizing that a failing test should be written before writing functional code.

The best course of action in this situation would be to 'Educate them about the importance and sequence of steps in TDD, emphasizing that a failing test should be written before writing functional code'. This approach ensures that the team members understand why they should be following the Test-Driven Development (TDD) method and the implications of not doing it properly. The other options are not as effective. Allowing the team to continue with their current approach (writing code before tests) will likely lead to issues down the line, as this is not the correct way to implement TDD. Mandating them to change their process without explaining why does not promote learning or understanding. Lastly, enforcing penalties might create a hostile work environment and does not necessarily help team members understand the importance of the right TDD practices.