The Linear-Sequential Approach, also known as the Waterfall model, is a traditional project management methodology where work progresses through distinct phases in a predetermined, sequential order. Each phase must be completed before the next one begins, creating a structured and predictable flow …The Linear-Sequential Approach, also known as the Waterfall model, is a traditional project management methodology where work progresses through distinct phases in a predetermined, sequential order. Each phase must be completed before the next one begins, creating a structured and predictable flow from project initiation to closure.
In this approach, projects typically move through stages such as requirements gathering, design, development, testing, implementation, and closure. The key characteristic is that there is minimal overlap between phases, and teams generally do not return to previous stages once they have been completed.
The Linear-Sequential Approach works well when project requirements are clearly defined and stable from the outset, when the technology and tools being used are well understood, when documentation and compliance requirements are stringent, and when stakeholders need predictable timelines and budgets.
However, this approach has limitations. Changes to requirements can be costly and difficult to accommodate once a phase is complete. Customer feedback typically comes late in the project lifecycle, which can lead to deliverables that do not meet expectations. The approach also assumes that all requirements can be accurately captured at the beginning, which is often unrealistic for complex projects.
In the context of PRINCE2 7, understanding the Linear-Sequential Approach is important because PRINCE2 can be tailored to work with various delivery approaches. While PRINCE2 provides a flexible framework with its stage-based structure, organizations may choose to apply linear-sequential methods within that framework, particularly for projects with stable requirements and regulatory constraints.
PRINCE2 7 recognizes that different projects benefit from different approaches, and practitioners should understand when a linear-sequential method is appropriate versus when more iterative or agile approaches might deliver better outcomes for the organization and its stakeholders.
Linear-Sequential Approach in PRINCE2
What is the Linear-Sequential Approach?
The linear-sequential approach, also known as the waterfall model, is a project management methodology where the project progresses through distinct phases in a predetermined, fixed order. Each phase must be completed before the next one begins, and there is typically no going back to previous phases once they are finished.
Key Characteristics: • Phases flow downward like a waterfall • Each stage has defined deliverables and milestones • Progress moves in one direction • Extensive upfront planning and documentation • Requirements are gathered and fixed at the start • Testing occurs after development is complete
Why is the Linear-Sequential Approach Important?
Understanding this approach is crucial because:
• Predictability: It provides clear timelines and budgets from the outset • Documentation: Creates comprehensive records at each stage • Simplicity: Easy to understand and manage for straightforward projects • Control: Allows for strong governance and stage-gate reviews • Suitable for stable requirements: Works well when project scope is unlikely to change
How Does It Work?
The typical sequence includes:
1. Requirements gathering - All needs are identified upfront 2. Design - Complete solution is designed 3. Implementation - The solution is built 4. Testing - Quality assurance is performed 5. Deployment - The product is delivered 6. Maintenance - Ongoing support begins
When to Use Linear-Sequential: • Requirements are well-understood and stable • Technology is mature and proven • The project outcome is clearly defined • Regulatory compliance requires extensive documentation
Limitations: • Inflexible to changing requirements • Late discovery of issues can be costly • Customer feedback comes late in the process • High risk if initial requirements are incorrect
Exam Tips: Answering Questions on Linear-Sequential Approach
Tip 1: Remember that linear-sequential is best for projects with stable, well-defined requirements. Questions often test whether you can identify appropriate scenarios.
Tip 2: Contrast with iterative and agile approaches. Exam questions may ask you to distinguish between these delivery methods.
Tip 3: Know the disadvantages - questions frequently ask about scenarios where linear-sequential would NOT be appropriate, such as innovative projects or those with uncertain requirements.
Tip 4: Understand that PRINCE2 can work with any delivery approach. The method is flexible and can be tailored to use linear-sequential, iterative, or hybrid approaches.
Tip 5: Look for keywords in questions: 'fixed requirements', 'predictable', 'sequential phases', and 'waterfall' typically point toward linear-sequential as the answer.
Tip 6: When asked about risk, remember that linear-sequential carries higher risk when requirements might change, as changes late in the project are expensive to implement.
Tip 7: PRINCE2 uses management stages that align well with linear-sequential delivery stages, making governance and decision-making points clear and structured.