TOGAF 10 Foundation: ADM Overview and Structure - Complete Guide

ADM Overview and Structure - Complete Guide

Why ADM Overview and Structure is Important

The Architecture Development Method (ADM) is the core framework of TOGAF and serves as the foundation for everything in enterprise architecture. Understanding ADM Overview and Structure is critical because:

• Core Methodology: ADM provides the structured approach that architects use to develop, validate, and implement enterprise architecture
• Foundation Knowledge: It's the backbone of TOGAF and you cannot understand enterprise architecture without knowing ADM
• Exam Critical: Approximately 15-20% of TOGAF Foundation exam questions relate to ADM structure and phases
• Practical Application: Organizations use ADM phases to guide their architectural projects from inception to completion
• Common Framework: ADM provides a common language and structure that all enterprise architects follow

What is ADM Overview and Structure?

Definition: The Architecture Development Method (ADM) is a step-by-step method for developing an enterprise architecture. It is a continuous cycle that guides architects through the process of creating, maintaining, and governing enterprise architectures.

Key Characteristics:

• Iterative and Cyclical: ADM operates as a continuous cycle, not a linear process, allowing for continuous improvement
• Modular: Can be adapted and scaled based on organizational needs
• Comprehensive: Covers all aspects of enterprise architecture from strategy to implementation
• Governed: Includes governance mechanisms to ensure quality and compliance

The ADM Phases (8 + 1 Structure):

ADM consists of 9 key components arranged in a cyclical structure:

1. Phase A - Architecture Vision: Defines the high-level vision for the architecture, scope, and objectives
2. Phase B - Business Architecture: Develops the business architecture including organizational structure, business processes, and capabilities
3. Phase C - Information Systems Architecture: Develops data and application architectures for the business
4. Phase D - Technology Architecture: Defines the technology infrastructure needed to support the information systems
5. Phase E - Opportunities and Solutions: Identifies opportunities for architecture implementation and defines implementation projects
6. Phase F - Migration Planning: Develops detailed plans for moving from the current architecture to the target architecture
7. Phase G - Implementation Governance: Provides oversight and governance during implementation
8. Phase H - Architecture Change Management: Manages changes to the architecture post-implementation
9. Preliminary Phase: Prepares the organization for ADM, including establishing architecture frameworks and governance

How ADM Works

The Cyclical Nature:

ADM operates as a continuous cycle rather than a one-time process:

• Ongoing Process: Once Phase H completes, the cycle returns to Phase A for the next iteration
• Continuous Improvement: Each cycle incorporates lessons learned and addresses gaps from previous cycles
• Adaptive: The method allows organizations to respond to changing business needs and technologies

Key Principles of How ADM Works:

1. Requirements-Driven Approach:

• ADM starts with understanding business requirements and drivers
• All subsequent phases are guided by these requirements

2. Stakeholder Engagement:

• Multiple stakeholder groups are engaged throughout ADM
• Decisions are made collaboratively across different departments

3. Gap Analysis:

• Each phase compares current state (baseline) with desired state (target)
• Gaps identified drive the need for change

4. Artifact Production:

• Each phase produces specific deliverables and artifacts
• These artifacts document the architecture and decisions made

5. Iteration and Refinement:

• Phases can iterate and return to previous phases if needed
• Not strictly linear - allows for backtracking and refinement

The ADM Flow:

Preliminary Phase → Phase A → Phase B → Phase C → Phase D → Phase E → Phase F → Phase G → Phase H → (Returns to Phase A)

Key Concepts in ADM Structure

Baseline and Target:

• Baseline Architecture: The current state of the enterprise architecture
• Target Architecture: The desired future state of the enterprise architecture
• Gap Analysis: The differences between baseline and target that must be addressed

Architecture Artifacts:

• Catalogs: Structured lists (e.g., organization catalog, actor catalog)
• Matrices: Relationships between entities (e.g., business process-to-applications matrix)
• Diagrams: Visual representations of architectures (e.g., business process diagrams, technology architecture diagrams)

Architecture Domains:

• Business Architecture: Organization, processes, functions, capabilities
• Data Architecture: Data structures and data management systems
• Application Architecture: Applications and their relationships
• Technical Architecture: Infrastructure, platforms, and technologies

Exam Tips: Answering Questions on ADM Overview and Structure

Tip 1: Remember the ADM Phases in Order

Strategy: Use a mnemonic device to remember the 8 main phases: "ABCDEFGH"

• A - Architecture Vision
• B - Business Architecture
• C - Information Systems (Data)
• D - (Technical) Architecture
• E - Opportunities and Solutions
• F - Migration Planning
• G - Implementation Governance
• H - Architecture Change Management

Exam Focus: Questions often ask you to identify which phase comes next or what activities occur in specific phases. Know the sequence cold.

Tip 2: Understand Phase Purposes, Not Just Names

Strategy: Don't just memorize phase names - understand what each phase does:

• Phase A: Defines scope and objectives - it's the starting point
• Phases B, C, D: Develop the architecture in different domains
• Phase E: Moves from architecture TO solutions and projects
• Phases F, G, H: Implementation and post-implementation activities

Tip 3: Recognize the Cyclical Nature

Common Exam Question Type: "After Phase H is complete, what happens next?"

Answer: The cycle returns to Phase A (or Preliminary Phase if governance needs updating). This is NOT the end of ADM - it's continuous improvement.

Key Point: ADM is iterative and cyclical, not a one-time project.

Tip 4: Distinguish Between Phases E, F, G, and H

These four phases often confuse exam candidates. Remember:

• Phase E (Opportunities and Solutions): What should we implement? Identifies implementation projects
• Phase F (Migration Planning): How do we get there? Detailed implementation roadmap
• Phase G (Implementation Governance): Monitor and manage implementation
• Phase H (Change Management): Manage ongoing changes after implementation

Tip 5: Know the Preliminary Phase's Role

What is it? The preparation phase that comes before Phase A in initial cycles.

What does it do? Establishes architecture frameworks, governance structures, and organizational readiness.

Exam Question Type: "An organization is implementing TOGAF for the first time. Which phase should they start with?" Answer: Preliminary Phase

Tip 6: Understand ADM Inputs and Outputs

Each phase has:

• Inputs: Information from previous phases or external sources
• Activities: What the phase does
• Outputs/Deliverables: What the phase produces

Exam Strategy: When asked "What is produced in Phase X?", think about the phase's objective and what artifacts would support that objective.

Tip 7: Remember Baseline vs. Target

Key Distinction:

• Baseline: Current state (AS-IS)
• Target: Future desired state (TO-BE)

Exam Question: "The gap between baseline and target architectures represents..." Answer: The work that must be done or the business transformation required

Tip 8: Know Which Artifacts Are Associated With Which Phases

Examples:

• Phase A: Architecture Vision document, stakeholder analysis
• Phase B: Business process diagrams, organizational charts
• Phase C: Data flow diagrams, application portfolio
• Phase D: Technology standards, platform roadmap
• Phase E: Implementation roadmap, project charters

Tip 9: Be Careful With Phase C and D Naming

Common Confusion: Phase C is Information Systems Architectures, which includes both Data and Application architectures. Phase D is the Technology Architecture.

Remember: C comes before D: first plan applications and data (C), then technology to support them (D).

Tip 10: Watch for "Cyclical" vs. "Linear" Questions

Exam Statement: "ADM is a linear methodology where each phase must be completed before the next begins."

Answer: FALSE - ADM is iterative and cyclical. Phases can overlap, iterate, and the cycle repeats continuously.

Tip 11: Identify the Decision Points

Key Points in ADM:

• Phase A: Architecture decision - should we proceed with this architecture?
• Phase E: Implementation decision - which opportunities should we pursue?
• Phase G: Governance decision - is implementation meeting expectations?

Tip 12: Practice Gap Analysis Questions

Common Question: "How does ADM identify what needs to change?"

Answer: Through gap analysis - comparing baseline (current) to target (desired) state and identifying differences.

Tip 13: Understand Governance in ADM

Governance appears in two forms:

• Architecture Governance: Ensuring adherence to the architecture
• Implementation Governance (Phase G): Monitoring implementation projects

Exam Tip: Know the difference between these two types.

Tip 14: Recognize ADM in Real Scenarios

Exam Question Type: A case study describes an organization doing X, Y, Z activities. Which ADM phase are they in?

Strategy: Look for keywords:
- "Defining objectives and scope" → Phase A
- "Creating business process models" → Phase B
- "Designing applications" → Phase C
- "Selecting technology platforms" → Phase D
- "Selecting projects to fund" → Phase E
- "Creating detailed implementation roadmap" → Phase F
- "Monitoring project progress" → Phase G
- "Handling configuration changes" → Phase H

Tip 15: Study ADM in Context With TOGAF Content Framework

Relationship: ADM uses the TOGAF Content Framework. The artifacts produced in ADM phases are defined in the Content Framework.

This means: Understanding how ADM and the Content Framework work together strengthens your knowledge for exam questions.

Common Exam Question Patterns

Pattern 1: Phase Sequencing

Question: "Phase C activities should begin before completing Phase B."

Answer: Could be TRUE - ADM phases can overlap and iterate. It's not strictly linear.

Pattern 2: Phase Purpose

Question: "Which phase produces the detailed roadmap for moving from current to target architecture?"

Answer: Phase F - Migration Planning

Pattern 3: Artifact Location

Question: "In which phase is the baseline architecture documented?"

Answer: Multiple phases, but explicitly in Phase B, C, and D when describing current state

Pattern 4: Stakeholder Engagement

Question: "When are stakeholder concerns first formally captured in ADM?"

Answer: Phase A - Architecture Vision

Pattern 5: Governance and Approval

Question: "At which point does the Board approve proceeding with architecture implementation?"

Answer: Typically after Phase E or F, when specific projects are identified with business cases

Final Study Tips for Exam Success

• Create a visual cycle: Draw the ADM cycle with all 9 components and their key outputs
• Study real TOGAF examples: Use TOGAF documentation's examples of how each phase is executed
• Understand relationships: Know how each phase feeds into the next
• Practice scenario questions: Spend time on questions that describe situations and ask you to identify the phase
• Know exceptions: Understand when ADM phases might not be sequential or when they might be customized
• Review definitions: Be precise with terminology - know exact definitions of baseline, target, gap, etc.
• Time management in exam: Questions on ADM are straightforward if you know the phases - don't spend excessive time on them; move on if unsure and come back