The first component of Project Resource Planning revolves around defining the needs of a project. This includes outlining what resources will be necessary to complete the project, whether human, capital, or material. It's important to do this step accurately and in detail, as misjudging or omitting needs can severely stall or completely stop the project. This process also involves estimating resource availability, as well as who will be responsible for each resource.

Resource Estimation is the second step of project resource planning. This involves estimating the quantity and type of resources needed to meet the project’s objectives. A project manager must strategically analyze, identify, and estimate how many resources are needed and their availability, taking into account their skills, experience level, and the length of time required for their tasks. The resources might be external or internal, depending on the availability and nature of the project. Accurate estimation prevents under or over-utilization of resources and helps in maintaining the budget.

The third aspect of project resource planning is Resource Acquisition. Once the project manager has identified and estimated the resources needed, the next step is to acquire them. This might involve hiring staff, purchasing materials, or leasing equipment, according to the resource estimation put in place. The project manager must ensure that the acquired resources are fit for purpose, within budget, and available when they are needed. Furthermore, the procurement of the resources must comply with company and legal policies.

The final aspect of project resource planning is Resource Control and Management, which involves monitoring the performance of resources and ensuring their optimal utilization. This includes performing a regular review of resource utilization, adjusting allocations in real-time based on project evolution, managing resource conflicts and changes, and identifying and managing resource-based risks. Ultimately, the project manager is responsible for ensuring that all resources continue to work efficiently and effectively according to the project plan and targets.

Resource leveling is a project management technique used to examine unbalanced use of resources (usually people or equipment) over time, and for resolving over-allocations or conflicts. It is aimed at smoothing the distribution of resources, reducing both excess and scarcity. Resource leveling requires flexibility in the schedule to allow for rearrangement, and an understanding of task dependencies, not to contravene them when shifting resources.

Resource forecasting is prediction of the future resource requirements of a project. This is performed to ensure that projects are not hindered part way due to the lack of required resources. An accurate forecast helps prevent resource wastage, avoid project delays and plan for future resource requirements. Qualitative and quantitative methods, data from past projects, and project scope can be used in predicting resource needs.

Resource scheduling means to assign resources to project tasks considering their availability and demand. It’s a critical aspect of project management as it outlines when and where resources will be used, and for how long. An effective resource schedule considers financial resources, human resources, and physical resources like materials and equipment. It helps in identifying potential scheduling issues in advance and allows managers to take proactive steps.

Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS) is a hierarchical list of resources related by function and resource type that are required to execute the project. The RBS helps in categorizing available resources for the project, identifies potential constraints or needs, and aids in resource allocation and control. It is an important tool for ensuring that every part of a project, no matter how small, has necessary resources assigned and controlled.

Project Resource Allocation refers to the organization and distribution of materials, manpower, and budget within a project. It involves identifying where resources are needed most, and ensuring they are applied there for maximum efficiency and return on investment. Project Resource Allocation is fundamental in project management as it directly impacts the success of the project. Misallocation of resources can lead to delays, budget overruns, and non-completion of the project. Effective Resource Allocation requires a thorough understanding of the project's objectives, complexities, and potential risks.

Project Resource Delegation refers to the assignment or distribution of tasks and responsibilities to team members based on their skills, expertise, and availability. Delegation is key in the efficient use of resources. When done correctly, it results in increased productivity, enhanced skill development, and better team morale. It also allows managers to focus on higher-level tasks. Project managers must delegate tasks with a clear understanding of team capabilities and keeping the project objectives in mind. Poor delegation can lead to task duplication or overlooked tasks, and threatens the overall project success.

Project Resource Integration is the process of combining all the required resources, be they human or material in nature, towards the completion of the project. This involves ensuring that each resource is utilized effectively and is contributing toward achieving the project goals. Integration requires a clear definition of roles, timely coordination, and efficient communication among team members. It also involves a feedback loop, for continuous assessment and corrective action where needed. Poor integration can lead to resource wastage, reduced output, and project failures.

Project Resource Optimization is about making the best use of available resources within a project to achieve the set objectives. This concept involves activities such as ensuring that tasks are evenly distributed, maximizing resource utilization, and reducing idle time. Resource optimization aims at maximizing productivity and profitability as well as minimizing waste and inefficiency. It involves using tools and techniques for resource allocation, capacity planning, and performance measurements. If not done correctly, it can impact the quality of work, overstretch resources, and lead to project delays or even failures.

Project Resource Reallocation is the process of redirecting resources in an active project to respond to changes in project demands or constraints. Reallocation may be necessary due to changes in project scope, priority shifts, unforeseen risks, or resource availability. It involves reassessing the project needs and redistributing resources accordingly while ensuring minimal disruption to the project. Effective reallocation requires flexibility, quick decision making, and a keen understanding of project dynamics and complexities. Poor resource reallocation can adversely affect project schedules, increase costs, and reduce quality of outputs.