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Network Protocols

Understanding data communication protocols.

An in-depth understanding of various network protocols and their roles in data communication processes, how they function at different layers of the OSI model, and importance in network security.
5 minutes 5 Questions

Concepts covered: TCP/IP, DNS, FTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HTTPS, Network Address Translation (NAT), UDP, Internet Protocol (IP), DHCP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Secure Shell (SSH)

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CompTIA A+ - Network Protocols Example Questions

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Question 1

A home network's devices cannot connect to an external video conference platform that requires peer-to-peer connections. The router uses NAT for IP address translation. What is the best solution?

Correct Answer: Enable UPnP or NAT-PMP on the router

The best solution is to enable UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) or NAT-PMP (NAT Port Mapping Protocol) on the router. These protocols automatically configure port forwarding for devices that require it, allowing peer-to-peer connections through the NAT-enabled router. Switching from dynamic to static NAT does not solve the issue, as it still requires manual port forwarding configuration. Implementing port forwarding for each device is a manual and time-consuming process, which can be avoided by using UPnP or NAT-PMP. Increasing the NAT session timeout value does not address the root cause of the problem, which is the lack of proper port forwarding for peer-to-peer connections.

Question 2

You're an IT technician and receive a call from a user who says his device is not connecting to the internet. You check and find out that the device is assigned an IP address in the range of 169.254.x.x. What is the issue?

Correct Answer: The device is using an APIPA address.

The correct answer is that the device is using an APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) address. When a device is configured to obtain an IP address automatically from a DHCP server but fails to do so, it will assign itself an APIPA address in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254. This indicates that the device is not receiving an IP address from the DHCP server, which could be due to issues with the DHCP server itself, network connectivity problems, or misconfiguration. The other answers are incorrect because an IP address in the 169.254.x.x range is not a public IP address, does not necessarily mean the device is in the wrong subnet, and is a special APIPA range assigned when DHCP fails, not related to the DHCP server's configured range.

Question 3

A network administrator wants to improve the speed and efficiency of a VoIP application. Which protocol should they choose to transmit data?

Correct Answer: UDP

UDP is the best choice for transmitting data in a VoIP application, as it ensures low latency and minimal overhead compared to TCP. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol with higher overhead, while VoIP prefers speed and real-time communication.

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