Wide Area Networks (WAN) represent networks that span large geographical areas, connecting multiple Local Area Networks (LANs) across cities, countries, or even continents. WANs are essential components of modern network infrastructure that enable organizations to maintain connectivity between distributed locations. WANs typically utilize telecommunications circuits provided by service providers like telecom companies or internet service providers. These connections can be implemented through various technologies including: 1. Leased Lines: Dedicated point-to-point connections offering guaranteed bandwidth. 2. MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching): A protocol-agnostic routing technique that creates private network connections with traffic engineering capabilities. 3. Metro Ethernet: High-speed Ethernet services extended beyond the LAN to metropolitan areas. 4. SD-WAN (Software-Defined WAN): Overlay technology that uses software to manage connectivity, security, and routing across different transport methods. 5. Broadband connections: Including DSL, cable, fiber, or satellite for smaller implementations. WAN characteristics include: - Lower data rates compared to LANs due to longer distances and varied transmission media - Greater latency than LANs - Usually managed by service providers rather than internal IT staff - Higher operational costs due to leased circuits and equipment WANs often employ specialized networking devices like: - WAN routers with appropriate interfaces (T1/E1, MPLS, fiber, etc.) - CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) devices for digital connections - WAN accelerators to optimize bandwidth usage Security considerations for WANs include: - VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) for secure site-to-site connections - Encryption for data in transit - Border firewalls and intrusion prevention systems WANs form the backbone of global communications, enabling critical business functions like remote office connectivity, cloud access, video conferencing, and unified communications systems.

Wide Area Networks (WAN) represent networks that span large geographical areas, connecting multiple Local Area Networks (LANs) across cities, countries, or even continents. WANs are essential compone…

Concepts covered: WAN Technologies and Protocols, WAN Design Principles, WAN Architectures, Leased Lines, WAN Redundancy, WAN Topologies, WAN Optimization, WAN Security, WAN Monitoring and Management, WAN Connection Types, WAN Service Providers, MPLS, SD-WAN, WAN Accelerators