Multipath Routing

Correct Answer: Equal-cost multipath (ECMP)

Equal-cost multipath (ECMP) is likely being applied where several paths are being used to reach the same destination. ECMP is a routing strategy that routers use to distribute network traffic among multiple paths that have the same cost. This type of multipath routing helps to balance load across multiple links and boost network efficiency, making it the best answer in this context. Source routing, on the other hand, is a method where the sender of a packet determines the route that the packet should take through the network, which isn't necessarily applicable in this situation. Policy-based routing (PBR) is a mechanism where routers forward packets based on policies defined by network administrators, but it doesn't necessarily mean that several paths will be used. Lastly, load balancing refers to the distribution of workloads across multiple computing resources, often servers — while load balancing could employ ECMP as a strategy, it itself is not a type of multipath routing.

Correct Answer: Load balancing

The process of evenly distributing network traffic across multiple links is called 'Load balancing'. With Load balancing, network traffic can be split across separate network links to ensure that one server or link isn't overwhelmed with too much traffic. This process helps to improve performance and downtime. Now explaining why the other answers are wrong: 'Redundancy' is related to providing alternative or backup capabilities in a network, it does not directly relate to distributing traffic. 'Resilience' is the ability of a network to recover or adjust easily to network failures but it doesn't relate to a process of traffic distribution. Similarly, 'QoS', which stands for Quality of Service, is typically used to prioritize some types of traffic over others to improve performance, not typically used for distributing traffic evenly.

Correct Answer: OSPF

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is the best choice for implementing multipath routing as it can provide redundancy and load balancing which is what a network engineer needs according to the question. OSPF uses a link state database for path computations and allows for multiple paths with equal cost to a destination. On the other hand, RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol version 2) is an older distance vector routing protocol with limitations on the network size and doesn't naturally support load balancing. Static is not a protocol but a manual method of routing where paths must be hardcoded and updated by an administrator. IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) also supports multipath routing, however, it is more commonly used in large service provider networks and may not be as suitable or common as OSPF in many enterprise networks.