Physical topology refers to the way in which devices are interconnected in a network. This includes the physical arrangement of network components, such as cabling types, connections, and distances between devices. The most common physical topologies are star, bus, ring, mesh, and hybrid. Each topology has its own advantages and disadvantages regarding performance, cost, and complexity. Understanding physical topologies is crucial for designing and configuring a network that meets the needs of an organization, while keeping maintenance and troubleshooting as simple as possible.

Logical topology focuses on how data flows within a network rather than the physical arrangement of devices. It represents how the network behaves from a communication perspective, as opposed to a physical perspective. Logical topologies are determined by protocol and software configurations, impacting the way devices communicate with each other. Common logical topologies include bus and ring, and they can sometimes contrast with physical topologies. Understanding logical topologies is essential for understanding data flow and communication patterns when troubleshooting and optimizing networks.