Social Engineering Attacks

Social Engineering Attacks represent psychological manipulation techniques that exploit human vulnerabilities rather than technical system weaknesses. These attacks trick individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security. Common types include: • Phishing: Sending deceptive emails that appear legitimate to harvest credentials or install malware. Variants include spear phishing (targeting specific individuals), whaling (targeting executives), and vishing (voice phishing). • Pretexting: Creating fictional scenarios to extract information, often by impersonating authority figures, coworkers, or service providers. • Baiting: Offering something enticing (like free software) that contains malware. • Tailgating/Piggybacking: Following authorized personnel into restricted areas. • Quid pro quo: Offering a service or benefit in exchange for information or access. • Watering hole attacks: Compromising websites frequently visited by the target organization. • Shoulder surfing: Observing victims as they enter sensitive information. • Dumpster diving: Searching through discarded materials for sensitive information. These attacks succeed because they exploit human psychology - trust, fear, curiosity, or helpfulness. Prevention strategies include: • Regular security awareness training • Clear security policies and procedures • Implementation of multi-factor authentication • Email filtering and scanning systems • Principle of least privilege enforcement • Physical security controls • Regular simulated social engineering tests The CompTIA Security+ exam emphasizes understanding these attack vectors, recognizing warning signs, and implementing appropriate countermeasures. Security professionals must remain vigilant as social engineering techniques continue evolving in sophistication, particularly as attackers incorporate AI and deepfake technologies to make their deceptions more convincing.

Social Engineering Attacks represent psychological manipulation techniques that exploit human vulnerabilities rather than technical system weaknesses. These attacks trick individuals into divulging c…

Concepts covered: Tailgating, Phishing, Spear Phishing, Watering Hole, Vishing, Pretexting, Whaling, Quid Pro Quo, Smishing, Baiting